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博客的由来....

2006-11-10 09:38:39

天气: 晴朗心情: 高兴精华III置顶III

网志

网志（blog）是网络日志（weblog）的简写，也有人从英文音译为部落格、部落阁、博客等1，是按照时间顺序以文章的形式在网络上定期发表内容的一种方式，属于网络共享空间的一种。

历史

网志的英文blog起源于weblog，意思是网络日志。1997年由Jorn Barger所提出。在1998年，infosift的编辑Jesse J. Garrett将一些类似的网志网站收集起来，寄给Cameron Barrett。Cameron随后将名单发布在CamWorld网站上，许多人亦陆续将网志的URL给Cameron，慢慢的，一个新的网络社区俨然成型。1999年，Brigitte Eaton成立一个网志目录，收集她所知道的网志站点。1999年，Peter Merholz首次使用缩略词“blog”，成为今天常用的术语。但是，网志真正开始快速发展的转折点，是在1999年6月，当时Pitas开始提供免费的网志服务，紧接着8月，Pyra lab推出了blogger.com。blogger.com提供了简单易学的说明，以及能通过FTP直接将网志发表在个人网站上的功能，这带给使用者很大的方便。目前已经有了很多网志服务供应商（BSP），业内人士对其盈利前景，持谨慎乐观态度。网志的原文是Weblog，或缩写成Blog。Weblog这个字眼最早是由Jorn Barger在1997年左右提出来的。在这之前，网络世界里所谓的Weblog通常指的是一种硬生生地、充满技术性记载的、无关乎叙事的纪录。

定义
Weblog指的是以网页作为呈现媒介的个人日记，也有人把它称做网页型态的日记。1999年Peter Merholz开始把将weblog念成We Blog，因而有了Blog这个说法。此时的Blog不仅可以拿来当名词或Weblog的缩写，更成为一个动词。

作名词用的时候，Weblog或说是Blog有了更严谨的定义它指的是一些文章，而这些文章必须要满足以下条件：

汇整：这些文章必须经由特定方法加以整理存放；可以是单纯地按照时间整理，或是任何的分类方式
静态链结：这些文章必须公开于网络上，且能让其他读者借由某个固定的网址链结直接读取
时间戳印：这些文章必须具有时间戳印，记录写成的时间
日期标头：这些文章必须要标出日期标头；这意味它们将会是有时序性的，内容可能与时空背景有一定的关联
于是网志从很概略的“网页型式的个人札记”转变成具有多样特性的文章集结。

作为动词的时候，根据Meg Hourihan在What We're Doing When We Blog一文里指出此乃是按照各自的规则来整理资讯的方法。根据这个说法，当某个人在Blog的时候，并不只是生产被人们称之为“网志（Blog）”的一篇文章；实际上，亦是在实践个人的信念，以所认同且认可的规则，将感官所接受到的种种资讯整理后加以出版，成为其他读者所能够阅读的文本。

CNN自2003年三月十日起，开始报导一些关于网志(Blog)的新闻，使得网络新闻有了新生命。

特色
网志是个人或群体以时间顺序所作的一种记录，并且不断更新。网志之间的交流主要是通过回溯引用（TrackBack）和广播/留言/评论的方式来进行的。网志的操作管理用语，也借鉴了大量档案管理用语。一个网志亦可被视为一个档案，或是卷宗。与传统档案不同的是，网志的作者既是这份档案的创作人，也是其档案管理人。而书写网志（Blog）的人，通常称为“blogger”（即网志作者），既可以是一个人撰写，也可以是一群人写。

网志大量采用了RSS（Really Simple Syndication或者Rich Site Summary或者RDF Site Summary）技术，所有的RSS文件都必须符合由W3C发布的XML 1.0规范。对读者来说，可以通过RSS订阅一个网志，确知该网志作者最近的更新。对网志作者来说，RSS可以使自己发布的文章易于被计算机程序理解并摘要。

对知识管理和创造而言，网志提供了新的形态和途径。对汉语为母语的人而言，网志写作既接续了汉语笔记文学的优秀传统，更充分鼓励了个人表达。从交往形态考察，网志空间设定了积极的读者、作者、编者互动转换关系，“言者互重，阅者相惜”。

优缺点

优点

个人化平台
一般网络上的讨论平台只能提供给所有人共享的环境，想要有个人发表空间，除了自己有能力制作网页者，一般人不太容易。而有了部落格之后，不管是谁、不论是什么性质的文字、连结、图片、视讯，都可以在自己的部落格很自在地建构出来。

充分的分享
网志不只是将使用者的意见与想法传递在网络上，更可以让兴趣相投的网友交换建议并深入了解彼此。个人化的留言板让使用者随时随地可以得知网友的意见与反应，RSS联播则提供部落格之间即时的资讯交流。

缺点

内容疲乏
网志的内容都是个人的心得或创作为主，有人发现许多网志在缺乏与他人良好互动的情况下，会有内容疲乏的问题，往往到最后不知所云，甚至半途而废。

检索问题
网志上的创作分类方式完全由作者决定，通常规划不够细腻，就会导致无法精确导引读者找到特定资料。

在网志上经常用到的技术

网志的应用
目前网志最多用于个人出版，也有用于商业公司的内部交流和教育学习领域。另外，许多新的应用也相继出现。例如Moblog（通过移动通信设备写网志）。

这几年，科技产业发展的趋势，都脱离不了“行动”的概念，带著听、带著看，现在更能带著写。虽然台湾网志的发展，还停留在个人心情抒写的层次，尚未出现明显的商业化运用，但过去一向动作保守的电信业者，也纷纷推出相关应用。

用手机随拍随写上传
行动部落格形成连结社群
多元加值服务的一环
台湾大哥大商务长魏士明就表示，全球3G服务陆续开始，也让手机传输资讯的速度大幅上升，传输照片以及动态影像档案的时间大幅缩短，让手机部落格被接受的可能性大增，3G服务可以促进行动部落格的应用，市场规模更是无法想像。

中文译名争议
维基新闻相关报导：
中国发生多起博客版权官司blog的中文意思即网志或网络日志，不过，在中国大陆有人往往也将blog本身和blogger（即网志作者）音译为“博客”；而在台湾，有人则分别音译成“部落格”及“部落客”。然而，也有很多人反对这些音译名称，尤其是“博客”。反对者认为“博客”有太多的精英主义色彩（或其它意涵），并被商业利益所利用，为此他们发起了“我不是博客”的运动。因此，“博客”等音译名称并非大家都接受的中文译名。

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